# 文化 Culture
# Grade 2 ( 5-7岁 ) 要掌握的程度
Computing technology has positively and negatively changed the way people live and work. Computing devices can be used for entertainment and as productivity tools, and they can affect relationships and lifestyles.
Computing devices, such as fitness trackers, can motivate a more active lifestyle by monitoring physical activity. On the other hand, passively consuming media from computing devices may lead to a more sedentary lifestyle. In the past, the most popular form of communication was to send mail via the postal service. Now, more people send emails or text messages.
Crosscutting Concept: Human–Computer Interaction Connection Within Framework: K–2.Data and Analysis.Inference and Models
计算机科技已经主动地和被动地改变了人们的生活方式和工作方式. 计算机设备即可以用于娱乐也可以用于生产, 它全面影响了人类的生活方式以及人与人之间的联系:
- 比如健身追踪器这种计算机设备, 可以通过监测身体活动来激励更积极的生活方式. 但是同时, 人们使用计算计设备进行消遣, 却导致了久坐不起的不良生活方式
- 再比如, 过去最流行的通信方式是通过邮局互通信件. 但是现在, 更多的人选择发送电子邮件或者即时通讯信息
# Grade 5 ( 8-11岁 ) 要掌握的程度
The development and modification of computing technology is driven by people’s needs and wants and can affect groups differently. Computing technologies influence, and are influenced by, cultural practices.
New computing technology is created and existing technologies are modified to increase their benefits (for example, Internet search recommendations), decrease their risks (for example, autonomous cars), and meet societal demands (for example, smartphone apps). Increased Internet access and speed have allowed people to share cultural information but have also affected the practice of traditional cultural customs.
Crosscutting Concepts: Human–Computer Interaction; System Relationships Connections Within Framework: K–2.Algorithms and Programming.Program Development; 6–8.Computing Systems.Devices; 6–8.Algorithms and Programming.Program Development
计算机技术的发展和变化是由人们的需求和欲望所驱动, 并且会对不同的社会群体产生不同的影响. 计算机技术影响了社会文化活动, 也被社会文化活动所影响.
新的计算机技术不断被创造出来, 已有的技术也在不断改进. 它们的目的都是为了提高益处(比如互联网搜索引擎不光被动地提供搜索结果, 还会主动推荐内容)、减少风险(比如发展自动驾驶技术来代替人工驾驶)、满足社会需求(比如蓬勃发展的智能手机各种应用程序).
互联网接入和速度的提高, 使得人们能够分享文化信息, 但是与此同时, 互联网也影响了传统文化习俗的开展.
# Grade 8 ( 11-14岁 ) 要掌握的程度
Advancements in computing technology change people’s everyday activities. Society is faced with tradeoffs due to the increasing globalization and automation that computing brings.
The effects of globalization, such as the sharing of information and cultural practices and the resulting cultural homogeneity, are increasingly possible because of computing. Globalization, coupled with the automation of the production of goods, allows access to labor that is less expensive and creates jobs that can easily move across national boundaries. Online piracy has increased because of information access that traverses national boundaries and varying legal systems.
Crosscutting Concepts: Human–Computer Interaction; System Relationships Connection Within Framework: 6–8.Data and Analysis.Inference and Models
计算机技术的进步改变了人们的日常活动, 由于计算机技术带来的日益全球化和自动化, 社会面临各种权衡和选择.
计算机技术极大促进了全球化, 帮助实现了信息和文化习俗的分享, 并由此带来了全球性的文化同质现象. 另外, 计算机技术带来的自动化生产, 使得人们能够获得成本更低的劳动力, 并创造出众多跨国的工作机会. 但是同时, 计算机技术也带来一些问题, 比如信息获取可以跨越国界、无视不同的法律体系要求, 这导致盗版行为日益增加.
# Grade 12 ( 14-18岁 ) 要掌握的程度
The design and use of computing technologies and artifacts can improve, worsen, or maintain inequitable access to information and opportunities.
While many people have direct access to computing throughout their day, many others are still underserved or simply do not have access. Some of these challenges are related to the design of computing technologies, as in the case of technologies that are difficult for senior citizens and people with physical disabilities to use. Other equity deficits, such as minimal exposure to computing, access to education, and training opportunities, are related to larger, systemic problems in society.
Crosscutting Concepts: Human–Computer Interaction; System Relationships Connection Within Framework: 9–12.Computing Systems.Devices
计算机技术的发展以及人为制度的干预, 既可以改善人类社会的不公平(比如获取信息的机会、成功的机会)、也可能导致这种不公平更加恶化.
虽然许多人都能够自由使用计算机, 但是仍然还有很多人享受不到, 甚至根本没有机会使用计算机. 这种不公平现象, 部分是由于计算机技术本身导致的, 比如在设计计算机产品时忽略了老年人和残疾人的使用, 导致他们无法使用计算机. 其他一些不公平现象(比如很少有机会接触计算机、获得教育和培训机会极少), 则是和社会中更大的系统性问题有关.